Diagnosing RLS

RLS is a common yet underdiagnosed condition.¹⁰ As a result, several tools have been developed for its diagnosis and evaluation.

Diagnosis

In 1995, a group of experts in the field of RLS formed the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) and established 4 essential criteria for RLS diagnosis.¹² In 2003, these criteria were updated by the IRLSSG in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health to reflect the existing state of RLS research. These 4 essential criteria are used as the defining characteristics of RLS. When combined with a physical examination and a thorough patient history, an initial diagnosis can be made by adapting diagnostic questions around the essential criteria.^11,12

Essential Criteria for RLS Diagnosis^11,12

• An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in the legs
• The urge to move or unpleasant sensations begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying down or sitting
• The urge to move or unpleasant sensations are partially or totally relieved by movement, such as walking or stretching, at least as long as the activity continues
• The urge to move or unpleasant sensations are worse in the evening or night than during the day or only occur in the evening or night

Clinical Evaluation